Safe Sleep : What to Know
Summary of Safe vSleep Guidelines
Don’t have time to read the 2022 AAP safe sleep guidelines? Have no Fear! They are summarized below:
- No co-sleeping under any circumstance
- Supine sleep position, even for infants with GERD. Supine sleep position does NOT increase risk of choking or aspiration.
- No inclined beds (also ineffective at reducing reflux!)
- Hospitalized preterm infants should be supine as soon as they have positional stability (~32 weeks)
- If the infant can roll, they can stay in that sleep position
- Mattress toppers to make the bed softer are NOT recommended. Mattress should be firm
- No broken cribs or cribs with missing hardware
- No dangling cords, wires, or window coverings near bed
- Remove infant from car seat if they fall asleep (while not driving)
- Benefit of human milk increases with exclusivity. However, any human milk is more protective than none.
- Same room as parents but separate sleep surface
- No sleeping on couches or armchairs due to risk of wedging and entrapment
- No co-bedding for twins
- No soft objects, loose bedding, crib bumpers
- No smoking
- Use a pacifier
- No weighted sleep sacks or blankets
- No more swaddling after signs of rolling
Safe Sleep Article for Parents
The most important job of a parent/caregiver is to keep their infant safe and healthy. If there was something you could do to prevent death while your infant is sleeping I bet you would want to know. Good news: There is!
The American Academy of Pediatrics has published its updated Safe Sleep Guidelines for children under one year of age. The most important things to know about safe sleep are as follows: No co-sleeping under any circumstance, place the infant back to sleep for EVERY sleep, no inclined beds or propping up your infant, no mattress topers, no swaddling after signs of rolling over, no broken cribs, no weighted sleep sacks or blankets, no soft objects (blankets, stuffed animals, crib bumpers), and no sleeping on couches or armchairs due to risk of wedging and entrapment.
There are also certain things you can do as a parent which protects against sudden unexpected infant death. Offer your infant a pacifier, offer human milk (every drop counts!), and sleep in the same room as your infant but on a separate sleep surface.
Perhaps the most shocking fact is that one of the devices designed to keep your infant safe can actually cause harm if not used appropriately. That device is the car seat. Every infant under the age of one should be in a rear facing car seat when they are riding in the car. However, if you take the car seat out of the car and set it on the ground you’ll notice it rocks forward because it does not have the base designed for it. This can cause the infants head to “slump over” leading to positional asphyxiation and ultimately death.
Parenting is the hardest job there is and practicing safe sleep is by no means easy. If you are breast feeding in the middle of the night I suggest using a timer to ensure you don’t fall asleep. I’d also recommend to sit on the floor (if you are incredibly exhausted) and to occupy your mind with television, social media, or games on your phone while nursing. If you have any questions about safe sleep be sure to ask your child’s pediatrician. We believe in you!

Safe Sleep Article for Pediatricians
Every year approximately 3,400 babies in the United States die suddenly and unexpectedly in their sleep. These deaths used to be categorized as SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), however, the language has changed since the Back to Sleep campaign in the 1990s. The correct term is now Sudden Unexpected Infant Death, or SUID. This includes accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ASSB), sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and deaths from unknown causes (CDC, 2022).
More babies have died from ASSB in the past than we realize. Previously, every death that occurred while an infant was sleeping was labeled as SIDS. However, an infant death can only be labelled as SIDS if it cannot be explained after a case investigation; which includes a scene investigation, clinical history, and autopsy. A scene investigation is required to determine that the infants airway was not cut off by smothering from an object (pillow, blanket, stuffed animal, crib bumper) or from positional asphyxiation (sleeping in a car seat outside of the car).
While total SUID rates have declined in the U.S, death from ASSB has increased since 1997. Furthermore, racial and socioeconomic disparities have persisted. Specifically, Mortality rates for non-Hispanic Black and American Indian/Alaska Native infants have decreased more slowly than rates for other infants.
It is our job and responsibility as pediatricians and child health experts to discuss the risk of infant death that occurs with unsafe sleep practices to ALL parents and caregivers of children under one year of age. This is a great time to discuss the rules of safe sleep and the protective factors against SUID. As a pediatrician and clinician myself, my favorite resources are the free handouts from the NIH, which not only discuss what a safe sleep environment is, but also shows what it looks like! You can order 4 packs of 50 in English, Spanish, French, and Arabic free of charge to your clinic.
Safe sleeping everyone!
Rebekah Frazier, MD
OKAAP Safe Sleep Champion